[97] Many of officers joined the anti-Shia takfiri ISIL group. View Jasmine Fares' profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. [103] But doing so in Saudi meant a more anti-Shia policies because Saudi's own native Sunni school of Islam is Wahhabism, which includes the prohibition of Shia Islam itself, as strict Wahhabis do not consider Shia to be Islamic. [133][134][135] According to the British television Channel 4, from 2005 through early 2006, commandos of the Ministry of the Interior which is controlled by the Badr Organization, and, who are almost exclusively Shia Muslimshave been implicated in rounding up and killing thousands of ordinary Sunni civilians. PEW RESEARCH CENTER Global Survey of Muslims Q87, Q87IRN. horse racing demographics; every student, every classroom, every day; bachhal surname caste; general milley height and weight. During the 20th century, an Islamic uprising in Syria occurred with sectarian religious overtones between the Alawite-dominated Assad government and the Islamist Sunni Muslim Brotherhood, culminating with the 1982 Hama massacre. The change in. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunnialte rubel scheine umtauschen. In recent decades the late leading Saudi cleric, Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah ibn Baaz, issued fatwa denouncing Shia as apostates, and according to Shia scholar Vali Nasr "Abdul-Rahman al-Jibrin, a member of the Higher Council of Ulama, even sanctioned the killing of Shias,[162] a call that was reiterated by Wahhabi religious literature as late as 2002. Shia in India faced persecution by some Sunni rulers and Mughal Emperors which resulted in the killings of Shia scholars like Qazi Nurullah Shustari[77] (also known as Shaheed-e-Thaalis, the third Martyr) and Mirza Muhammad Kamil Dehlavi[78] (also known as Shaheed-e- Rabay, the fourth Martyr) who are two of the five martyrs of Shia Islam. Their woman are more independent and can make decisions too. One of these was Muhammad Ibn Makki, called Shahid-i Awwal (the First Martyr), one of the great figures in Shia jurisprudence, who was killed in Damascus in 1384. [173] In December 2006, amidst escalating tensions in Iraq, 38 high ranking Saudi clerics called on Sunni Muslims around the world to "mobilise against Shiites".[174]. In some countries like Iraq, Syria, Kuwait and Bahrain, communities have mingled and intermarried. During the uprising, the Sunni Muslim Brotherhood attacked military cadets at an artillery school in Aleppo, performed car bomb attacks in Damascus, as well as bomb attacks against the government and its officials, including Hafez al-Assad himself, and had killed several hundred. [220] Some of the slaughter was indiscriminate, but many were Shia targeted by the Taliban. Many Sunnis hotly dispute their minority status, including ex-Iraqi Ambassador Faruq Ziada,[citation needed] and many believe Shia majority is "a myth spread by America". This decision was not a spontaneous one. [57] However many of these Shias come from Sayyid families with origins in tribes from Iraq, Lebanon and Bahrain, one of said tribes being al-Musawi, and two prevalent families that are descended from it and lived in Iran for some time before settling in Iraq are the al-Qazwini and al-Shahristani families. [217], An example of an early ShiaSunni fitna shootout occurred in Kurram, one of the tribal agencies of the Northwest Pakistan, where the Pushtun population was split between Sunnis and Shia. [207] Amongst the culprits blamed for the killing are Al-Qaeda working "with local sectarian groups" to kill what they perceive as Shia apostates, and "foreign powers trying to sow discord. In 1959, al-Azhar University in Cairo, the most influential center of Sunni learning, authorized the teaching of courses of Shia jurisprudence as part of its curriculum. [250][251] The United Nations has held ISIS responsible for human rights abuses and war crimes, and Amnesty International has reported ethnic cleansing by the group on a "historic scale", including attacks on Shia Muslims. The first Zaidi state was established in Daylaman and Tabaristan (northern Iran) in 864 by the Alavids;[61] it lasted until the death of its leader at the hand of the Samanids in 928. [1], The present demographic breakdown between the two denominations is difficult to assess and varies by source, with most approximations stating that 90% of the world's Muslims are Sunni and 10% are Shia, with most Shias belonging to the Twelver tradition and the rest divided between many other groups. [226] According to a former U.S. State Department specialist on Nigeria, Matthew Page, the Islamic Movement receives "about $10,000 a month" in Iranian funding. They were in control in Persian Iran, but the Sunnis led most Arab states in the Middle East. why does milo mistake the gelatinous giant for a mountain? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Preaching against the Shia in Pakistan was cleric Israr Ahmed. With the eruption of the Syrian Civil War, tensions increased between the Shia-affiliated Alawites and Sunnis of Tripoli, erupting twice into deadly violencein June 2011, and the second time in February 2012. "[129] Suicide bombers continue to attack Iraqi Shia civilians,[130] and the Shia ulama have in response declared suicide bombing as haraam (against God, or "forbidden"): Even those who kill people with suicide bombing, these shall meet the flames of hell. The Sunni hegemony did not undercut the Shia presence in Iran. She has two sisters and one brother. [256], In a special interview broadcast on Al Jazeera on 14 February 2007, former Iranian president and chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council of Iran, Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and highly influential Sunni scholar Yusuf al-Qaradawi, "stressed the impermissibility of the fighting between the Sunnis and the Shiis" and the need to "be aware of the conspiracies of the forces of hegemony and Zionism which aim to weaken [Islam] and tear it apart in Iraq. Many distinctions can be made between Sunnis and Shias through observation alone: When prostrating during ritual prayer called Salah in Arabic. Hopefully, this will strengthen Muslim countries against oppressive pressure by the imperialist front.[257]. [235], Malaysia claims to be a tolerant Islamic state, however since 2010 it has banned the preaching of Shia Islam, with a "particular ferocity"[236] and warns against Shiism with its, "evil and blasphemous beliefs". jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni. [253], After the collapse of the Iraqi army and capture of the city of Mosul by ISIS in June 2014, the "most senior"[254] Shia spiritual leader based in Iraq, the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, who had been known as "pacifist" in his attitudes, issued a fatwa calling for jihad against ISIS and its Sunni allies, which was seen by the Shia militias as a "de facto legalization of the militias advance". [203] According to the CIA World Factbook, Al Wefaq the largest Shia political society, won the largest number of seats in the elected chamber of the legislature. Since the 1970s, and especially since the Iranian Revolution . jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni Religion: Islam. Fourth, through the scholars of Jabal Amel residing in that region, or in Iraq, during the 16th and 17th centuries who later migrated to Iran.[63]. [104][105][106] Thus, although the Iranian revolution's leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, was very much in favor of ShiaSunni unity, and "the leadership position that went with it",[107] his revolution worked against it. Another effect noted by political scientist Gilles Kepel, is that the initial attraction of the Islamic Revolution to Sunnis as well as Shia, and Khomeini's desire to export his revolution, motivated the Saudi establishment to shore up its "religious legitimacy" with more strictness in religion (and with jihad in Afghanistan) to compete with Iran's revolutionary ideology. [236], Conflict between religious groups in the Middle East have spread to the Australian Muslim community[242][243][244][245][246] and within Australian schools.[247]. How much of the conflict was sparked by Sunni versus Shia divisions and how much by Islamism versus secular-Arab-nationalism, is in question, but according to scholar Vali Nasr the failure of the Ayatollah Khomeini and the Islamic Republic of Iran to support the Muslim Brotherhood against the Baathists "earned [Khomeini] the Brotherhood's lasting contempt." Posted April 14, 2017. is the fiec part of the evangelical alliance; townhomes in avalon park; 8 ft windmill parts; why is my cash and sweep vehicle negative; nordstrom rack return policy worn shoes The man can divorce the woman whenever he wants to in a Misyar marriage.[48]. Following the wake Shia mobs in Iraq attacked the Jordanian embassy on 20 March 2005. colleen bready married There were some exceptions to this general domination which emerged in the form of the Zaidis of Tabaristan, the Buwayhid, the rule of the Sultan Muhammad Khudabandah (r. 13041316) and the Sarbedaran. [164], Relations between the Shia and the Wahhabis are inherently strained because the Wahhabis consider the rituals of the Shia to be the epitome of shirk, or polytheism. But six months after that they were closed down, bank accounts suspended and had their leaders arrested by the government on charges that they were backed by Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. This campaign forced most of the Shiites to disperse, with some fleeing south to Jabal Amel and some to the Bekaa, while a very small portion of them took on the practice of Taqiyya until the Ottomans came in 1517. First, through the Asharis[clarification needed] at the end of the 7th and during the 8th century. As a Muslim woman, one of the biggest days of our lives is our wedding day. [111] One Sunni belief shared by Jordan's King Abdullah as well as his then Defense Minister Shaalan is that Shia numbers in Iraq were inflated by Iranian Shias crossing the border. The kings of the Kara Koyunlu dynasty ruled in Tabriz with a domain extending to Fars and Kerman. [190][191] The Syrian Civil War has brought on an increase in anti-Shia rhetoric,[192] and what Human Rights Watch states is "anti-Shia hate speech by Salafis". In the late 1920s, the Ikhwan (Ibn Saud's fighting force of converted Wahhabi Bedouin Muslims) were particularly hostile to the Shia and demanded that Abd al Aziz forcibly convert them. Robin Wright and Peter Baker, "Iraq: Jordan Sees Threat to the Election from Iran", according to pro-Khomeini author Abdel-Majid Trab Zemzem, in his book, over half of the 20,000 fatalities worldwide from terrorism in 2006 occurred in Iraq according to the American National Counter-terrorism Center, Robert Baer, "The Devil You Think You Know,", Al-Jazeera discussion between Qardawi and Rafsanjani, "The country's minority Shia populations form a majority in the country's oil rich eastern province of Hasa", Toby Jones, `The Iraq Effect in Saudi Arabia,`, BBC monitoring service from March 1980 quoted in. Nizaris used this fortress until the Mongols finally seized and destroyed it in 1256. Historically, the inner rifts within Islamic ideology were to be hidden from the public sphere, while the new violent outbreaks highlight said rift in an obvious manner and is nourished by the two extremes of their mutual rivalry which will strongly affect both globally and regionally. (See 2007 Zahedan bombings for more information), Non-Sunni Iranian opposition parties, and Shia like Ayatollah Jalal Gangei have criticised the regime's treatment of Sunnis and confirmed many Sunni complaints. These five practices are essential to Sunni and Shia Muslims. Both Sunni and Shia Muslims live throughout the world. [91] In addition, he designated the period of Prophet's Birthday celebrations from 12th to the 17th of Rabi Al-Awwal as the Islamic Unity Week, there being a gap in the dates of when Shiites and Sunnis celebrate Muhammad's birthday. Some of the Ismailis whose power had been broken by the Mongols, went underground and appeared later within Sufi orders or as new branches of already existing orders. Menu. As-Saffah assumed both the temporal and religious mantle of Caliph himself. [185][186] All this resulted despite the strong filial bonds, ties of commerce, and traditional friendship between the two neighboring countries. For example, there are festivals which Sunnis and Shias do not celebrate in the same way, such as Ashura. [108] In Yemen, Houthi rebels have expanded their territory south of Saudi Arabia, and become the country's "dominant power". Unfortunately for Ismail, most of his subjects were Sunni. She now makes regular videos on. [18], An example of SunniShia cooperation was the Khilafat Movement which swept South Asia following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the seat of the Caliphate, in World War I. Shia scholars "came to the caliphate's defence" by attending the 1931 Caliphate Conference in Jerusalem, although they were theologically opposed to the idea that non-imams could be caliphs or successors to Muhammad, and that the caliphate was "the flagship institution" of Sunni, not Shia, authority. Until recently ShiaSunni relations have been cordial, and a majority of people of both sects participated in the creation the state of Pakistan in the 1940s. In 1998 more than 8,000 noncombatants were killed when the Taliban attacked Mazar-i-Sharif and Bamiyan where many Hazaras live. Mass demonstrations have been held in favor of full-fledged democracy in March and June 2005, against an alleged insult to Ayatollah Khamenei in July 2005.[205]. [114], The Shia suffered indirect and direct persecution under post-colonial Iraqi governments since 1932, erupting into full-scale rebellions in 1935 and 1936. Saddam's invasion of Iran in 1980 was billed as an Arab war against Persians - and was bankrolled by the Arab and Sunni Gulf states. A psychology graduate in my former life now enjoying being a stay-at-home mum. The Sunnis became more of a secular and conservative group, whereas the Shiites remained more traditional and orthodox. Shia communities are also found in Yemen where a large minority of the population are Shia (mostly of the Zaidi sect), according to the UNHCR. [60] Shia were dominant in Tabaristan, Qom, Kashan, Avaj and Sabzevar. Muhammad Khudabandah, the famous builder of Soltaniyeh, was among the first of the Mongols to convert to Shiaism, and his descendants ruled for many years in Persia and were instrumental in spreading Sh thought. Both sides of the couples family were very supportive of their decision. Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan, have sent thousands of volunteers to fight with the Taliban regime and "in return the Taliban gave sanctuary to their leaders in the Afghan capital of Kabul."[219]. Monument commemorating the Battle of Chaldiran, which was fought between the Sunni Ottoman Empire and the Shia Safavid dynasty. He continued the Umayyad dynastic practice of succession, and his brother al-Mansur succeeded him in 754. Sectarian violence persists to this day from Pakistan to Yemen and is a major element of friction throughout the Middle East and South Asia. Trivia [29], Shias are about 5-to-10 percent of the entire Muslim world. In 2003, when Saddam was overthrown, Iraqi Shia celebrated. As well as this they found that it was not worth spending on other people. (2004), "Mahdi", Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world, Thompson Gale, p.421, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAtlas_of_the_Middle_East_(Second_ed. She did her honours bachelor in science and later realised that this career path was not for her. This gap continued until the 20th century. Shia jurisprudence books were banned, the traditional annual Shia mourning procession of Ashura was discouraged, and operating independent Islamic religious establishments remained illegal. Although Muslims in the UK have been part of a united community with a shared experience of immigration, the relationship between these groups has recently been in the spotlight in Britain too. [39][40][41][42][43], Twelver Shia as the main branch of Shia Islam[44][45] permit Nikah mutah[46][47]fixed-term temporary marriagewhich is not acceptable within the Sunni community, the Ismaili Shia or the Zaidi Shia and is believed a planned and agreed fornication. On the other hand, members of the Saudis' own Shia minority have complained of being treated as potential fifth columnists for Iran. [108] "Even Afghan Shia refugees in Iran", driven from Afghanistan by Sunni extremism, have "reportedly been recruited by Tehran for the war in Syria". Although reformist President Mohammad Khatami promised during his election campaign to build a Sunni mosque in Tehran, none was built during his eight years in office. [198], These latest measures come as the government faces a Sunni rebellion with a similar motivation to the Zaidi discontent. [108], While Shia make up roughly 10% of Saudi Arabia's population,[160] they form a large portion of the residents of the eastern province of Hasaby some estimates a majority[161]where much of the petroleum industry is based. Both Shia and Sunni dissidents in Yemen have similar complaints about the governmentcooperation with the American government and an alleged failure to following Sharia law[194]but it's the Shia who have allegedly been singled out for government crackdown. They had a photoshoot with close family and hosted a lunch to celebrate. But the estimates are that they are about 5 to 10 percent of the Muslim world, which puts them somewhere between 50 and 70 million people.. Iran has been a Shia country since the 16th century. 2. Jasmine and Dawoud didnt set their goal on a fancy wedding but instead, used that money to buy a house. [132], On the Shia side, in early February 2006 militia-dominated government death squads were reportedly "tortur[ing] to death or summarily" executing "hundreds" of Sunnis "every month in Baghdad alone," many arrested at random. The word Shia in Arabic means a group or supportive party of people. His call seems to have been ignored, or swept away in the increasing tensions of Iraq under occupation. Mainstream Shia and Sunni women wear the hijab differently. [89], The year of the Iranian Islamic Revolution was "one of great ecumenical discourse",[90] and shared enthusiasm by both Shia and Sunni Islamists. In many other areas the population of Shias and Sunni was mixed. In July 1980, 25,000 Shia protested the Islamization laws in the capital Islamabad. Ismail I initiated a religious policy to recognize Shiism as the official religion of the Safavid Empire, and the fact that modern Iran and Azerbaijan remain majority-Shia states is a direct result of Ismail's actions. Some Wahabi groups, often labeled as takfiri and sometimes linked to Al-Qaeda, have even advocated the persecution of the Shia as heretics. Some Shia have complained of mistreatment in countries dominated by Sunnis, especially in Saudi Arabia,[81] while some Sunnis have complained of discrimination in the Twelver-dominated states of Iraq and Iran. If your future groom wants to change to Sunni belief and practice, there's no formal reversion needed. "[204] Bahrain has many disaffected unemployed youths and many have protested Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa's efforts to create a parliament as merely a "cooptation of the effendis", i.e. Third, through the school of Hillah under the leadership of Al-Hilli and his son Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin. [154] Sunni mosques are not allowed in the capital city of Tehran, and a number of Sunni mosques in other cities have been demolished,[155] Sunni literature and teachings are banned in public schools and construction of new Sunni mosques and schools are banned. The divide. fajr on its own Dhuhr with Asr and Maghrib with Isha'), thus praying five times a day but with a very small break in between the prayer, instead of five prayers with some gap between them as required by Sunni schools of law. traditional elders and notables. In retaliation, troops killed more than 300 Shiites in the city of Zaria. The declaration of faith to which all Muslims assent is this: There is no God but Allah, whose prophet is Muhammad. [227] In 1998 Nigerian President General Sani Abacha accused Ibrahim El-Zakzaky [228] of being a Shia. It proved to the satisfaction of the Brotherhood that sectarian loyalty trumped Islamist solidarity for Khomeini and eliminated whatever appeal Khomeini might have had to the MB movement as a pan-Islamic leader. Some see a precursor of Pakistani ShiaSunni strife in the April 1979 execution of deposed President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on questionable charges by Islamic fundamentalist General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. [240] One analyst told CNN that the US strategy on putting pressure on Iran by arming its Sunni neighbors is not a new strategy for the United States. A series of short films in which Kaisan and Naeem (both 12 year's old) and 11-year-old Sara explain the traditions and beliefs of their Muslim faith. [208] There have also been conflagrations in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan and Azad Kashmir,[208] with several hundreds of Shia Hazara killed in Balochistan killed since 2008.[209]. Jasmine & Dawoud 531K subscribers Hi everyone! Mutah is not the same as Misyar marriage or 'Arfi marriage, which has no date of expiration and is permitted by some Sunnis. [16][17] Tensions between communities have intensified during power struggles, such as the Bahraini uprising, the Iraqi Civil War, the Syrian Civil War, the War in Iraq (20132017),[18][19][20] and the formation of the self-styled Islamic State of Iraq and Syria that has launched a genocide against Shias. Right? She began posting travel vlogs to her self-titled YouTube channel in February 2017. Also, some Sunni-accepted hadiths are less favored by Shias; one example is that because of Aisha's opposition to Ali, hadiths narrated by Aisha are not given the same authority as those by other companions. promised "a thaw in relations between the two regional powers but stopped short of agreeing on any concrete plans to tackle the escalating sectarian and political crises throughout the Middle East."[257]. Not even a single terrorist group is run by them, excluding the one Run b. According to scholar Vali Nasr, as the Muslim world was decolonialised and Arab nationalism lost its appeal, fundamentalism blossomed and reasserted the differences and conflicts between the two movements, particularly in the strict teachings of Sunni scholar Ibn Taymiyyah. Shias believe that the hijab must cover around the perimeter of the face and up to the chin. 923.4K Followers. 2cv lackieren kosten; ; difference between exploratory and conclusive research; kierdorfinkasso mobile [225], Shia Muslims protest that they have been persecuted by the Nigerian government. [19] The war has featured a cycle of SunniShia revenge killingSunni often used car bombs, while Shia favored death squads. Others insisted the Prophet had designated his cousin and son-in-law Ali as his legitimate heir. For Shias, Ashura is a day of mourning which commemorates the martyrdom of the Imam al-Husayn. How do you pray? In 2005 the new King Abdullah also relaxed some restrictions on the Shia. [88], Another example of unity was a fatw issued by the rector of Al-Azhar University, Mahmud Shaltut, recognizing Shia Islamic law as the fifth school of Islamic law. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni. Shia make up the majority of the citizen population in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan, as well as being a minority in Pakistan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Chad and Kuwait.[13][14]. Since the late 20th Century, complex political problems have been turned into sectarian issues by the parties involved, particularly in parts of the Middle East and Asia. After the Mongol invasion Shiims and Sufism once again formed a close association in many ways. Sunni-Shia Harmony. But here in the United States, members of the two major branches of Islam . Whereas Sunnis dominate the Muslim world, from West Africa to. Balochi Sunni Abdolmalek Rigi continue to declare the Shia as Kafir and Mushrik. In March 2005 Salt, al-Banna's home town, saw a three-day wake for al-Banna who Jordanian newspapers and celebrants proclaimed a martyr to Islam, which by definition made the Shia victims "infidels whose murder was justified." Members of the two sects have co-existed for centuries and share many fundamental beliefs and practices. Washington, DC: National Geographic 2008, "Hijab, The Muslim Womens Dress, Islamic or Cultural? [65] Sufism played a major role in spread of Shiism in this time. You must either accept to be Muslims or leave Afghanistan. [119], According to one estimate, as of early 2008, 1,121 suicide bombers have blown themselves up in Iraq. [108], Olivier Roy, research director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, sees the "Shia awakening and its instrumentalisation by Iran" as leading to a "very violent Sunni reaction", starting first in Pakistan before spreading to "the rest of the Muslim world, without necessarily being as violent." "[166], Members of the Shia Muslim community (estimated at between 7 and 10 per cent of Saudi Arabias population of about 19 million) suffer systematic political, social, cultural as well as religious discrimination. [83] Millions of Saudi adhere to the school of Salafism which is a branch of Sunni Islam. This dispute spread across various parts of the Muslim world, which eventually led to the Battle of the Camel and Battle of Siffin. "Today, Azerbaijan is probably the only country where there are still mixed mosques and Shia and Sunnis pray together. [116] They included Shia leader Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister. Pakistan's citizens have had serious Shia-Sunni discord. Forever grateful for all of Allahs blessings. Unfortunately, from 1987 to 2007, "as many as 4,000 people are estimated to have died" in Shia-Sunni sectarian fighting in Pakistan", 300 being killed in 2006. The Shia argument is that Abu Hurairah was only a Muslim for four years of his life before Muhammad's death. "[35] Twelvers believe the Mahdi will be Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth Imam returned from the Occultation, where he has been hidden by Allah since 874. They both explained how owning a home was much more important to them than having an enormous expensive wedding. Shafi'i Sunnism was the dominant form of Islam in most of Iran until rise of the Safavid Empire although a significant undercurrent of Ismailism and a very large minority of Twelvers were present all over Persia. [199][200][201], A March 2015 suicide bombing of two mosques (used mainly by supporters of the Zaidi Shia-led Houthi rebel movement), in the Yemeni capital of Sanaa, killed at least 137 people and wounded 300. Ab anfa, for example, was imprisoned by al-Mansur and tortured. Of course, it cannot be denied that Iran's environment was more favourable to the flourishing of the Shi'ism as compared to all other parts of the Muslim world. [24][25] About 10% of Turkey's population belong to the Alevi sect. According to a report by the Human Rights Watch: Shia Muslims, who constitute about eight percent of the Saudi population, faced discrimination in employment as well as limitations on religious practices. For every tear shed, it is said that a hundred sins are forgiven. Many Shias in the Levant were killed for their faith. [16] Despite the fact that Pakistan is a Sunni majority country, Shias have been elected to top offices and played an important part in the country's politics. Before Fame She has attended the University of Toronto. [159], The Syrian Civil War, though it started as a political conflict, developed into a struggle between the Alawite-dominated Army and government on the one hand, and the mainly Sunni rebels and former members of the regular army on the other. At least seven Shi'a religious leaders-Abd al-Latif Muhammad Ali, Habib al-Hamid, Abd al-Latif al-Samin, Abdallah Ramadan, Sa'id al-Bahaar, Muhammad Abd al-Khidair, and Habib Hamdah Sayid Hashim al-Sadah-reportedly remained in prison for violating these restrictions. The Shia campaign has clashed with Saudi Arabian, which also funds religious centers, school, and trains students and clerics, but as part of an effort to spread its competing Wahabbi interpretation of Islam. Jasmine Fares is a Lebanese 25 year old, who currently lives in Toronto. 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