Which plan was the hardest on the South? was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction in the South, often Republican. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? What were the problems faced by the south after the Civil War? Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. It required that 50 percent of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln's as the price of readmission. You have not finished your quiz. WebList the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. answer choices Reconstruction Freedman's Bureau Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Question 7 900 seconds Q. In some cases these newcomers were motivated by noble sentiment, while others were merely out to seek their fortunes. Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. the South divided into 5 military districts, What are the Constitutional Grounds for impeachment? The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. There were those who used their positions for exploitation. 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? In that compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won a tight race for the Presidency with just one electoral voteon the condition that all federal troops be removed from the South and a southern Democrat be named to his cabinet. 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ At the end of the day, what did it mean to be an American, and whose rights were deserving of the full protection of the U.S. government? Did Congress do anything about white violence? 3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. HUKo0WhUK( These conditions made it quite difficult for the Republican Party to get much of a foothold in the South among any except black voters and those who had relocated from the North. In this Amnesty was granted to any southerner who took an oath of allegiance, with the exception of Confederate officials, officers, and wealthy landowners. dzB;. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. While this lesson will not provide answers for all of these questions, the hope is that it will point students in the direction of seeking out such answers with the documents and the interactive provided and formulating their own similar kinds of questions. Powerful families regularly disagree on who should gain control over which resources. How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that each state rewrite its state constitution to allow for black male voting rights before readmittance into the Union. 20F_B[G S`F>6~hf( In any event, these Northern carpetbaggers were viewed as outsiders and exploiters by many who formerly had been loyal to the Confederacy. HUn0+(cj , @X! The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional (Radical Republican), and then Military control (Military Reconstruction Act - South broken down into 5 military districts), Communication des organisations - section 3, Lincoln's vs. Johnson's Plans for Reconstruct, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Civil War, Reconstruction and Old West Review. hZy\L 3!--[D)aC., The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. The Freedmans Bureau played a key role in helping African Americans gain access to basic needs, education, property, and health care during Reconstruction. As a result, the Democrats began using their newfound majority to roll back many of the social programs put in place during Reconstruction that were designed to aid the poor and African Americans. What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? Borrowed what they needed on credit from the owner, it was a bad because the farmer always owed more money than they made on the farm, leaving them stuck in this system. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. Who had been his early political supporters? Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. WebQuestion 1 What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. What tactic was used? It was left to the Senate to try the presidentwith Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presidingand determine whether he should be removed from office. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? 35(VgS[Ywhhyy]^TTrni9j8m^!^ H` Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. The Compromise of 1877 gave the South and its Democratic majority the reigns to carry out social and legal reforms as they saw fit without federal interference or oversight. Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. `a{/uXZO`qf\ v-Nf. Both Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmer did not own the land they farmed, but received a share of the profits of the crops Tenant Farmers : Were mostly poor whites who lived and farmed on someone else's land, owned a few tools or supplies which enabled them to make a small profit, because they need not borrow as much on credit. In Grants opposition to the Tenure of Office Act (passed during Johnsons term in 1867), which required Senate approval of all presidential appointments and dismissals, many believed that Grant evinced the kind of political fortitude necessary to set things aright. The Radical. One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North. A particle moves along a straight line with the equation x = 16t + 4t2-3t3 where x is the distance in ft and t is the time in second. How did whites regain political control in the south? The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. View Screenshot 2023-03-01 at 8.13.38 PM.png from SOCIAL STUDIES 58557 at Mt Zion High School. follow the worksheet and think about how this person would feel about Reconstruction. endstream endobj 114 0 obj <>stream Given sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. HUj@}WDn! The federal government pledged larger amounts of financial assistance to the Southern states. It prohibited state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of slavery. This show of weakness seemed to set the tone for Grants administration (1869-77) which, though it seemed to offer some promise to restore order and sanity to the South, actually accomplished very little in this realm. f[=v5GS!Q"+x ml\8fzp +l~xZ0&>@U 8!.VUY[ ~A>}et!F2zfJ(9)29v^A4bk`=Nv^OhGEypb6u;Cj=:Ywq1wb)t+BlL;b[n[QO[*+*+!U$w q'YA*O$_gk.0 l4 A monumental tomb in New York City was constructed in his honor as a result of what was the largest public fundraising campaign in history up to that time. Who did southern voters elect to office under the terms of presidential reconstruction? A bill was introduced in February 1866 to reauthorize the oneyearold Freedmen's Bureau and allow it to try in military courts persons accused of depriving former slaves of their rights. But charges of corruption were not limited to Grants administration. The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. African Americans began to be elected to federal, state, and local governmental posts. 0 Required 50% of southern white men to swear allegiance of the union and accept the end of slavery. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# %PDF-1.5 % 10% plan What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction called? Enough Republican senators appreciated the fact that Johnson's offenses were political and that they did not fall under the high crimes and misdemeanors specified in the Constitution for presidential impeachment. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. Select all that apply. At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? that they had to keep the black vote in the south and protect black voting rights in order to win future elections. But another clear reason was the often ineffective and incompetent governing that characterized many of the post-war Republican Southern governments. In the Senate? bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. about the italicized questions to help you form your answers/opinions. The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. . Those who were not eligible for amnesty could appeal for a pardon. How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? Who was the Republican leader in the House? HWn}W*(5X,lvLvv}X[ZKq>yFNIQ:UNWOo+S.~/\N($B;f %QI`MVy*|UrS=/4t4_&y^F?7KH84ZxGIUl~&=$wZ]mI_}?cIt4.#9r{s~zn|'nDD DqPz7.|f@(F_k~mz\(J( ,l=70$(yAbs[ki i l}QXvf;;4f74x4B3G3=!7.W X5Xz4]?w/ %Q:!^M_}8z:K H?Ce[U|.CKu@CY) iw#7PY7WP$|WPUqAr5vVK]tok*Dx|MX:-!O Jo#=j8u>rRt\?n! ~.Mgq1JwPD_8 sgA4DY_.kYTP@FuU;zvbEFX=1 S$&5blu1X3=y\W]lh 5f+tY[SU%-6+VZX]r6_>:@ t QYoySE"6=sPoa'&vxgO,q2@pYb: S,d.b9Ij?z/pT0,8[Bx53;IGbxfBQcNx;sLWcw1s}(5_1TJz0O#FNl7DysZjEnjN0_k!d.vT&_AfjwGlEPC|aVK=:+JG}gg] @@ovkV\Uv(%xR\V&%9 cn_n@:/X4m4dIo1i`m[q}+ql4w To provide African Americans access to government services, To desegregate Southern society and institutions, To restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force, To repeal the slave codes that were in place before the war. Congress was divided among Radical, Moderate, and Conservative Republicans and Democrats. All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? endstream endobj 419 0 obj <>stream Equality at the ballot box would be a work in progress for decades to come. Removing #book# The website Making Sense of Letters and Diaries is one such site. and any corresponding bookmarks? a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. 'B!Kck#'=kimtfqqT~>(i{w-[V] WebThe reconstruction approach they preferred was embodied in the WadeDavis bill (July 1864), which called for the establishment of a military government in each state and required at least fifty percent of the eligible voters to swear allegiance to the United States. With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. Who were its members? Who did the states and congress give free land to? Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. wealthy plantation owners and Confederate officials. Who were the Exodusters? Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? RZhC Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. No. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. While one document cannot speak to the effects of the war on an entire group, it will give students an insight into what may have represented a common experience and reaction to Reconstruction policy. CAm? &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* They passed two bills. Would he or she benefit from certain parts of it? Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent xT+&DLeD Who were the group of people known as carpetbaggers who emerged in the Reconstruction-era South? In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. (113M Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. pF{:RTV and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. Was corruption now any less? Booth, a stage actor, had ties to the Confederate cause. many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. D 7. Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. Some of this language may be difficult for students to understand without some guidance. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? After 10% of a states voters signed a loyalty oath to the Union and the Constitution and abolished slavery, it could hold elections and vote and would be granted a full pardon and readmitted to the Union. The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. What happened to white small farmers during this time? HUMO@W o%T@EBQ6P}wwIJ/$7~\]1U 7d9c$y_M)8L%D/*rTPg2QL(Ies>U,;1Q8U#91 EbS The states could enter the Union if they promised they would ratify the Fourteenth Amendment within five years. Lincoln's and Johnson's plans fundamentally different from the Radical Republican plan. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment in January 1865, formally outlawing slavery in the United States. endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. What was the "Swing 'Round the Circle"? Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. Northern Democrats who moved into former Confederate-controlled states with the intention of upsetting Radical Reconstruction plans. Grant was nearly universally revered by the time of his death in 1885. Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. It formally brought the Southern states back into the Union. "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. The passage of the 14th Amendment and Civil Rights legislation were great victories for the advocates of equality under the law. There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. How did the Amnesty Act of 1872 change Southern politics? Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. Which group was still not aloud to vote? Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union.