In the 1950s, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey planned and built the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in the cities of Newark and Elizabeth. [28] New Jersey at first refused to ratify the Constitutional Amendment banning slavery. The English explorer Henry Hudson (1570–1611), who explored portions of New Jersey's coastline 601,146 62 sq mi (161 km 2) Hunterdon County: 019: Flemington: 1714: Burlington County: Robert Hunter (1664–1734), the Colonial Governor of New Jersey from 1710 to 1720 Trenton, which had served briefly as the national capital in 1784, was made the state capital in 1790. Donald E. Bender (1999). Over 1,500 pilots were trained for advanced aircraft fighting at this airport. [19] The loyalists included the governor of New Jersey, William Franklin. Underneath the constitution, the people had the right to elect the governor. In the Paterson riot, twenty stores and other buildings were damaged, and eight people were injured. In the 17th century, the New Jersey region came under the control of the Swedes and the Dutch, resulting in a struggle in which the Dutch proved victorious (1655). Today Descendants of Founders of New Jersey is an active society with over 400 members. History of Elizabeth, New Jersey : including the early history of Union County by Hatfield, Edwin F. (Edwin Francis), 1807-1883. The next European settlement was on the banks of the Upper New York Bay across the Hudson[7] from Fort Amsterdam (in Manhattan) in 1630. In the year 1664, the Duke of York, proprietary of the province of New York, assigned to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret the tract of country to the east of the Delaware River, and extending to the Hudson and the Atlantic. Province of New Jersey (1778) - Faden The Province of New Jersey, Divided into East and West, Commonly Called the Jerseys Second Edition [of three] with Considerable Improvements Engraved & Published by Wm. This action prevented the river from being easily taken by the English and Dutch, who were also trying to expand into the New World. This sale divided the province into East Jersey and West Jersey. Nike Missile Sites in New Jersey. Initially, small out-posts were built for the fur trade. New Jersey was the first state to ratify Prohibition, which restricted the purchasing and selling of alcohol. New Jersey shipyards were responsible for the construction of many naval ships in World War II, including battleships, aircraft carriers, heavy cruisers and destroyers, receiving 9% of all allied war-related contracts through the war. The railroads, in particular the Camden and Amboy line (a forerunner of present-day Conrail), played a crucial role in the state’s political life, dominating and controlling legislators and governors during the “robber baron” era of industrial expansion in the 19th century. The Delaware and Raritan canal ran from New Brunswick, New Jersey, on the Raritan River, to Bordentown, New Jersey, on the Delaware River. San Diego: Lucent Books, Inc. Klinghoffer and Elkis. The New Jersey legislature passed an act for the gradual abolition of slavery in 1804, providing that no person born after that date would be a slave. The victories breathed new life into the Revolution, and an army of colonials near despair was transformed into an effective fighting force. [27] Thousands of former slaves—both from rural New Jersey and the South—migrated to shore communities like Red Bank, Long Branch, and Asbury Park during the last decades of the nineteenth century, creating sizable, stable communities that persisted over the next century. [45], In 1973, the New Jersey Supreme Court ordered the legislature to pass a statute funding schools more equitably for impoverished areas. After the war, it was converted into a demobilization center. Philip Carteret arriving at the colony of New Jersey in 1665 to serve as its governor, from a 19th-century coloured engraving. Princeton became the temporary capital for the nation for four months. The division continued until 1702, when the entire province reverted to the crown. In 1524 the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to reach New Jersey. The state was the site of more than 100 battles, earning it the nickname Crossroads of the Revolution. Federal expert Arthur Koehler carefully examined the ladder used by the kidnapper, which he traced to a company in McCormick, South Carolina. [46], In 1998, the south side of Ellis Island came under the jurisdiction of New Jersey following a US Supreme Court decision, New Jersey v. New York. In the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall of Princeton University. In 1790, Trenton officially became the state capital of New Jersey. Their name means "original people" or "genuine people." [12] At least one online source[13] asserts that some 600 colonists settled in New Sweden; it is unclear from that source how many were in New Sweden at any one point in time.). By 1933, one-tenth of the population was dependent upon Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. The New Jersey Colony was founded by Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley in 1664. As New Jersey moves through its fourth century of history, it continues to fulfill its potential as a diverse and richly gifted state. In addition, Seabrook Farms took advantage of Japanese-American labor to increase productivity when the government allowed small groups of people from the internment camps to work there. A Brief History of the State of New Jersey. By the mid-1830s the Democrats and the Whigs had fully mobilize practically all of the voters into pro-and anti--Jackson coalitions. Fourteen Nike anti-aircraft missile batteries in two groups were constructed in New Jersey to protect the metropolitan areas around Philadelphia and New York City. Map of Province of New Jersey (1778) - Faden - Mercer Co. New Jersey driver license/ID. In honour of Carteret, who was Governor of the island of Jersey, this territory received the name of New Jersey. Faden, Charing Cross, December 1, 1778 Scale: "about 69½ British miles to a degree" (roughly 6.6 miles… In the 19th century, New Jersey cities led the United States into the Industrial Revolution and provided soldiers for many of the wars the United States fought, including 88,000 men for the American Civil War. During the brief stay in Princeton, the Continental Congress was informed of the end of the war by the signing of the Treaty of Paris on September 3, 1783. 1680 – Duke of York's Second Grant to William Penn, Gawn Lawry, Nicholas Lucas, John Eldridge, Edmund Warner, and Edward Byllynge, for the Soil and Government of West New Jersey-August 6; 1681 – Province of West New-Jersey, in America, The 25th of the Ninth Month Called November; 1682 – Duke of York's Confirmation to the 24 Proprietors: 14 March New Jersey was the last northern state to abolish slavery completely, and by the close of the Civil War, about a dozen African-Americans in New Jersey were still apprenticed freedmen. At the end of World War II, the government closed down the internment camps, but many people from the camps continued to work at Seabrook Farms.[41]. [47] Before, the island had been governed by the state of New York. By 1833, The Camden & Amboy Railroad had been completed, allowing a 7-hour passage between Philadelphia and New York City. Although factory production decreased after the end of World War I, production lines still churned out goods. Former Governor James E. McGreevey resigned on November 15, 2004 after charges of pay-to-play and extortion scandals involving the impropriety of the appointment of an unqualified long rumored homosexual love interest. He sent a small English force to blockade the harbor at New Amsterdam. If you need to register for Unemployment Benefits please go to myunemployment.nj.gov. New Jersey was one of the few states to favor Stephen Douglas over Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 presidential election. Almost a century passed before colonization began with the arrival in 1609 of the English navigator Henry Hudson, who sent a party to explore Sandy Hook Bay. [25] His most famous inventions included the phonograph, the kinetoscope, the stock ticker, the Dictaphone and the tattoo gun. Governors were allowed to serve four years instead of three, and the Legislature was constituted with a 40-member Senate and an 80-member General Assembly. Towns in New Jersey, such as Middletown which had many residents die in the attacks, suffered from the losses.[50]. During the 1960s, many African Americans felt disenfranchised, feelings exacerbated by poor urban conditions, declining industrial jobs, and biased police forces with little minority representation. William Livingston became New Jersey's first state governor. [10] New Sweden, founded in 1638, rose to its height under governor Johan Björnsson Printz (1643–53). Stuyvesant's council took several measures restricting religion in New Netherland, heightening his unpopularity, and he was also known for being hot-tempered. 1930-1932. The Past Attorneys General link provides biographies and images of New Jersey's Attorneys General. New Jersey. By 1974, the missile sites were deactivated. With the advent of the bow-and-arrow and of pottery around the year 500 A.D., extended family groups began to stay in areas longer. The constitution provided suffrage only to white males, removing it from all women and from people of other races. Cornwallis immediately ordered his army to engage the Americans at Princeton, but was prevented by snipers. The New Jersey Colony was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1776. In 1776 New Jersey adopted its first constitution, which granted suffrage to women (although the legislature revoked this right in 1807). Because of this, more battles were fought in New Jersey than in any other state. He took advantage of military coercion in order to increase his own power, shown in an event with Van Slechtenhorst. The Motivation for Founding the New Jersey Colony . It was called "America's First Defense Airport" because it was opened as a gunnery training area for fighter pilots. When Lewis Morris took office as the first governor of New Jersey after the separation, one member of the Assembly advised his colleagues on how governors should be treated: “Let us keep the doges poore [i.e., by paying governors a low salary] and wee’ll make them do as we please.”. However, the English seized the Dutch colony of New Netherland in 1664. Bergen, founded in 1660, was New Jersey's first permanent European settlement. Considerable division occurred within the state over the American Revolution, and Tory activity was heavy. The State of NJ site may contain optional links, information, services and/or content from other websites operated by third parties that are provided as a convenience, such as Google™ Translate. In the Elizabeth riot, six people were injured and seventeen stores were damaged. He chose law as a career and originally The Dutch colony of New Netherland was taken over by England in 1664, and the Province of New Jersey was given to two loyalists of King James II: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. The New Jersey Colony was originally named the Province of New Jersey, after the British island named Jersey. It historically tended to lean Republican, but, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, voters more decidedly supported the Democrats, who have since frequently controlled the state legislature. Many bridges and tunnels were built for the ease of interstate traveling. The Battles of Trenton and Princeton are collectively referred to as the Ten Crucial Days because these desperately needed victories bolstered the morale of the nation. The Garden State is … Printz helped to improve the military and commercial status of the colony by constructing Fort Nya Elfsborg, near present-day Salem on the east side of the Delaware River. Prior to 1664 when it was surrendered to the English, the New Jersey Colony region had … Jon Corzine was elected Governor of New Jersey on November 8, 2005, and took office on January 17, 2006. The right to vote was restricted to white males in 1807. The Native Americans and Paleo-Indians fished in all rivers and streams using nets and fish hooks and by hand. 1876 - Thomas Edison opens his famous lab in Menlo Park. Later, the Continental army slipped past Cornwallis's stalled army and launched an attack on British soldiers stationed at Princeton in the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777. Bruce A. Bendler, "The Steam Mill and Jacksonian Politics: The Career of William N. Until 1738 a single governor ruled New Jersey and New York. The New York – New Jersey Line War (also known as the N.J. Line War) was a series of skirmishes and raids that took place for over half a century between 1701 and 1765 at the disputed border between two American colonies, the Province of New York and the Province of New Jersey. Publication date 1868 Topics Elizabeth (N.J.) -- History, Union County (N.J.) -- History Publisher New York : Carlton & Lanahan Collection Princeton; americana Since New Jersey was ideally located next to the Atlantic Ocean, colonists farmed, fished, and traded by sea. After the battle, Charles Lee was court-martialed for his poor command. On June 23, 1780, the British attacked soldiers under the command of Nathanael Greene. A new political system emerged by the end of the decade as voters polarized in support or opposition to Jackson. The last major battle to take place in New Jersey during the Revolutionary War (and for the rest of the history of New Jersey) was the Battle of Springfield. Strikes also grew common during the Great Depression; in 1937 a group of gravediggers from New Jersey went on strike. CBS was criticized for allowing fictitious bulletins to gain attention of listeners. During the early 20th century New Jersey prospered, but the economy weakened in the Great Depression of the 1930s. Accommodating tax laws of that era gave New Jersey the epithet Mother of Trusts—half of the country’s largest corporations made their headquarters in the state by the early 1900s. Over 1,000 British casualties were incurred while the Americans lost 452 men. An internment camp housing people of Japanese, German, and Italian descent was located in Gloucester City. Seventy-one stores were damaged and 46 people were injured. (New Sweden's colonial population may have peaked at 368 people in 1654, after being boosted by more than 250 people along with new governor Johan Rising. Faden, Charing Cross, December 1, 1778 Scale: "about 69½ British miles to a degree" (roughly 6.6 miles to 1 inch) Copperplate map,… In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano, sailing in the service of France, explored the Jersey Coast[4] including Sandy Hook and The Narrows, now the site of the bridge which bears his name. New Jersey; Beginnings [1]. The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey was a large integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing organization, founded by Henry H. Rogers, William Rockefeller, and John D. Rockefeller. During the war, Naval Weapons Station Earle in Monmouth County was opened for naval production and provided ships with a safe port to take on ammunition. Woodrow Wilson (1911–13), who signed legislation providing for tighter regulation of corporations (later repealed). William Paterson, a New Jersey statesman, introduced the New Jersey Plan, by which one vote would be given to each state, providing equal representation within the legislative body. Like the rest of the United States, the people of New Jersey were hit hard by the Great Depression. The airfield, currently known as McGuire Air Force Base, was opened in 1937 as Rudd Field, a supporting Army airfield for Fort Dix. Several Allied ships were sunk off the New Jersey coast. In 1835, Samuel Colt began producing firearms in the city. After the war, Kearny made his home in the state of New Jersey. The first ocean-going steamboat went from Hoboken, New Jersey, sailed around southern New Jersey, and ended in Philadelphia. In the middle of the Cold War from June 23 to June 25, 1967, president Lyndon Johnson met with Soviet premier Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey, for the Glassboro Summit Conference. "[35] It described extraterrestrial monsters that were causing much destruction. The proprietors appointed Philip Carteret as the first governor of New Jersey, who designated Elizabethtown as the colony's capital. Gunners in the fort prevented German submarines from entering New York Harbor. Only two days after the new constitution was enacted, on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was endorsed by five representatives from New Jersey. Later James granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River that would become New Jersey to two friends who had been loyal to him through the English Civil War: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in 1708 he was recalled to England. Cities throughout New Jersey offer one-of-a-kind experiences that will leave lasting memories long after your visit. Unlike other colonists, who suffered from the harshness of English rule, the early Jerseyans were of such an independent nature that it was the royal governors who did much of the suffering. These victories forced the British to leave New Jersey. Interesting Facts ; One of the original 13 colonies, New Jersey was an important battleground during the American Revolution. The Benjamin Franklin Bridge was completed linking Camden and Philadelphia in 1926. 2 (1992): 159–193. [39] Fort Hancock was also opened in Sandy Hook. In 1937, the German zeppelin Hindenburg exploded over Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Manchester. The incidents occurred during a deadly heat wave and polio epidemic in the Northeastern United States that drove thousands of people to the seaside resorts of the Jersey Shore. [citation needed] In the 1960s New Jersey became the site of several race riots and of the Glassboro Summit Conference (1967), between American President Lyndon B. Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin. [36] The Lindbergh kidnapping led to passage of the Federal Kidnapping Act, also known as the "Lindbergh Law", which made kidnapping a federal crime. Native Americans moved into New Jersey soon after the reversal of the Younger Dryas; before then an ice sheet hundreds of feet thick had made the area of northern New Jersey uninhabitable. [49], The destruction of Lower Manhattan office space accelerated the pre-2001 trend of moving jobs from Lower Manhattan to Midtown and New Jersey. Fort Dix was reopened for the training of soldiers for the war effort. "The Petticoat Electors: Women's Suffrage in New Jersey, 1776–1807." Transportation was slow and difficult usually on either foot or horseback. Explore rich culture in cities like Princeton and New Brunswick, both part of our nation’s history. The British take-over in 1664 was formalized in 1674, ending the province of the New Netherland, though the North Jersey would retain a "Dutch" character for many years to come. Because of its strategic location on the East Coast, New Jersey played an important role in the United States' Cold War defense. for example William N. Jeffers of Salem County, New Jersey, build his political success on leadership with the Jacksonian forces at the local level, while at the same time building his fortune with a bank charter and building a steam mill.[26]. In 1676 the province was divided into East and West Jersey, the former going to Sir George Carteret and the latter to a group of Friends (Quakers). The state's transportation system continued to improve with the construction of canals and more rail lines that helped industrialization develop further. During the war Long Pond Ironworks and Batsto Iron Works (both founded 1766) supplied munitions to American troops. The riots are often cited as a major factor in the decline of Newark and its neighboring communities. Five Volumes. The story of the area of present-day New Jersey begins at the end of the Younger Dryas, about 15,000 years ago. Google™ Translate is an online service for which the user pays nothing to obtain a purported language translation. In 1609, Sir Henry Hudson sailing for the Dutch East India Company,[5] explored the East Coast including the Delaware, Raritan, Newark, New York bays and the Hudson Valley. After recapturing Trenton, he ordered charges on fortified defenses at Assunpink Creek. The agricultural products from New Jersey usually were transported to larger markets in New York City and Philadelphia, requiring better transportation. Although it was announced in advance that it was a radio play, the broadcast resulted in widespread panic into New Jersey and the surrounding areas. The Zierdt site in Montague, Sussex County and the Plenge site along the Musconetcong River in Franklin Township, Warren County, as well as the Dutchess Cave in Orange County, New York, represent camp sites of Paleo-Indians. However, the line was constantly the subject of disputes. During the Great Depression, 20-month-old Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., son of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, was abducted from his home near Hopewell, New Jersey in the Lindbergh kidnapping. Each province was independently governed and passed laws specific to the region. [14] After capturing the colony, Nicolls became deputy-governor of New Amsterdam and the rest of New Netherland, and guaranteed colonists' property rights, laws of inheritance, and the enjoyment of religious freedom. One of his famous sayings was, "Genius is one percent inspiration and 99% perspiration", as his efforts consisted of research and testing. The New Jersey Constitution of 1776 allowed "all inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money" to vote, including non-whites and widows; married women could not own property under the common law. [2], Later other Native Americans settled in New Jersey. The first permanent European settlement was established by the Dutch at Bergen (now Jersey City) in 1660. The majority of the colonists lived in simple log cabins, coming from the original Dutch settlers. However, the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which banned alcohol manufacturing & sales, was later repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment in December 1933. Finally, a ransom note was located and traced to Bruno Hauptmann; the bill had the license plate number of Hauptmann's Dodge Saloon that was written down by a gas attendant. Although no Civil War battles were fought within New Jersey, the state sent over 88,000 soldiers as part of some 31 infantry and cavalry regiments, and over 6,000 died in the war. In 1756, the school moved to Princeton. He was electrocuted in the New Jersey State Prison in Trenton, New Jersey. The last was on the east bank of the Delaware River,[6] the site of the first European settlement in what would become New Jersey. Existing factories such as the Singer Company in Elizabeth, New Jersey were converted to making weapon parts. [32] It was used as a training and staging ground throughout the war. Throughout the colonial era, New Jersey was agrarian and rural, attracting a diverse population of … New Jersey was a center of shipbuilding and manufacturing during World War I. The Court thereupon shut down all public schools for eight days in 1976, until the legislature passed an income tax bill. They moved as soon as game or plants became scarce. The newly opened port quickly made the docks of Brooklyn, Lower Manhattan and Hoboken obsolete. However, the meeting helped improve the strained relationships between the Soviet Union and the US. European contact began with the exploration of the Jersey Shore by Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524. As a result, people who had never been farther than the outskirts of their hometown now could travel around the state. 1846 - The first professional baseball game is played in Hoboken. Jeffers.". In 1746, the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) was founded in Elizabethtown by a group of Great Awakening "New Lighters" that included Jonathan Dickinson, Aaron Burr Sr. and Peter Van Brugh Livingston. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. New Jersey; Beginnings [1]. The New Jersey Colony was originally named the Province of New Jersey, after the British island named Jersey. "Molly Pitcher" has sometimes been regarded as a real person, although historians now often believe the story is a myth, although probably loosely based on the actions of real women. In the aftermath of these riots, 135 people were arrested.[42][43]. In 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the U.S. Constitution and the first state to sign the Bill of Rights. They divided the land in half and gave control to two proprietors: Sir George Carteret (who was in charge of the east side) and Lord John Berkley (who was in charge of the west side). Insisting that John Cabot had been the first to discover North America, the British granted the land that now encompasses New Jersey to the Duke of York (later James II & VII), who ordered Colonel Richard Nicolls to take over the area. In 1787 it became the third state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. The British encountered little resistance, perhaps due to the unpopularity of the Dutch governor, Peter Stuyvesant. Named for the island of Jersey in the English Channel, its capital city is Trenton. Energy was harnessed from the 77 feet (23 m) high Great Falls of the Passaic River. [29] Philip Kearny, an officer from the Mexican–American War, led a brigade of New Jersey regiments under Brigadier General William B. Franklin. Later, systems of canals were built, the first of which is called the Morris Canal and ran from Phillipsburg, New Jersey, on the Delaware River to Jersey City, New Jersey, on the Hudson River. Through the 1800s, over a dozen companies were operating railroad lines. For several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001, letters bearing a Trenton, New Jersey postmark and containing anthrax bacteria were mailed to several news media offices and two US Senators. Located at Paulus Hook it was part of the patroonship Pavonia, named (in Latinized form) for Micheal Pauw[8] who had bought the tract from the Lenape. The Jersey Shore became extremely popular as an attraction. James J. Finn was a lieutenant who attempted to capture the kidnapper while he was passing off ransom bills. This was the first port in the world to containerize due to the innovation of Malcolm McLean and the founding of the Sea-Land Corporation. [citation needed], In the September 11, 2001, attacks, hijackers took control of four domestic U.S. commercial airliners, including United Airlines Flight 93 which departed from Newark International Airport. Kearny distinguished himself as a brilliant officer during the Peninsula Campaign, and was promoted to the position of major general. Washington hoped to surprise and overwhelm the rear of the British army. Greason, Walter D. "Suburban Erasure: How the Suburbs Ended the Civil Rights Movement in New Jersey" (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2013) 221 pp. He hoped to secure Hobart Gap, from which he could attack the American headquarters in Morristown. The Goldman Sachs Tower was constructed in Jersey City as part of this relocation. In the Battle of Trenton which followed the crossing, the American soldiers surprised the Hessians, capturing nearly 900 prisoners in 90 minutes and taking supplies that had been meant for the British army. In 1993 Republican Christine Todd Whitman became the first female governor of New Jersey. In September 1664, a British fleet under Nicolls' command sailed into what is now New York Harbor and seized the colony. The city became an important site for mills and other industries. [33] All of the tunnels and bridges linking New York and New Jersey are managed by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, established on April 30, 1921. The goal was to benefit existing urban and older suburban areas and to protect the state’s natural resources. The Province of New Jersey was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and became New Jersey, a state of United States in 1783. A Brief History of the State of New Jersey. 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