If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[1]. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. " This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. The Portuguese were present in some mostly coastal points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all power lies in the hands of a single individual. Reading Time: 4 minutes. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. Uganda. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. African Dictators REUTERS/Myo Kyaw Soe. But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. Italy's Mussolini. That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and . He arose to power in Italy in 1922, following the so-called 'March on Rome', in which his . This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. 10. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Dictatorships arise through violence or non-violent means, but they almost always result in the loss of liberties, corruption, and human rights abuses. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. One person holds all of the country's power. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption.[125]. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. After the recent death of Idriss Deby in April 2021, his son Mahamat Deby took over. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. Monarchies: 3. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. Also, dictatorships . Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. [1]:70. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. 1. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. This article focuses on the five communist countries that are still adherent to Marxism-Leninism. Functioning of government: 3.57. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. Answer (1 of 9): Depends on what you mean by left-wing. The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. Many are noted for their cruelty, while others are honored as national heroes. Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian . [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. While Latin America, Asia, and Africa were already dictatorship countries, they differed from the dictatorships formed in what became known as the Eastern Bloc. The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . Political culture: 5.00. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. [148], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. [1] [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. [130] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. [34] When a one-party dictatorship develops gradually through legal means, in can result in conflict between the party organization and the state apparatus and civil service, as the party rules in parallel and increasingly appoints its own members to positions of power. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. Uganda - 1971 to 1979 - Idi Amin Dada. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. [1]:68. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. Duterte is the perfect example of a . In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. List of Cons of Dictatorships. 5. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD),[1] index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. Explore a few of the famous ones. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. A dictator that has concentrated significant power is more likely to be exiled, imprisoned, or killed after ouster, and accordingly they are more likely to refuse negotiation and cling to power. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. Unfortunately, democracy is still shaky in many countries, a number of which are fighting violent religious insurrections, and the likelihood of any fallen dictator being quickly replaced by another dictator is high. Preference falsification, Internal politics, data scarcity, and restriction of media are just a few examples of the dangers of a personalistic authoritarian regime. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. Nearly half of dictatorships start as a military coup, though others have been started by foreign intervention, elected officials ending competitive elections, insurgent takeovers, popular uprisings by citizens, or legal maneuvering by autocratic elites to take power within their government. What are the countries with a democracy government? The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. Single-party dictatorships: 5. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. 8. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. [135] Negotiated removals are more likely to end in democracy, while removals by force are more likely to result in a new dictatorial regime. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. China - Communist Regime 4. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. In their book "Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders", authors Natasha M. Ezrow and Erica Frantz lay out five types of dictatorships: Power is obtained and maintained through military might.
Dr Pimple Popper Worst Cases, Parallel And Perpendicular Lines Answer Key, Private Skating Lessons Oakville, Forza Horizon 2 License Serial Key Registration Code Generator, 1984 High School Basketball Player Rankings, Articles L